Johannesburg and Pretoria are located across the South African Continental Divide. The Metropolis is one of the few cities in the world not located near a large water source. It is located in the heart of Gauteng, South Africa's second most populous province and its commercial and industrial heartland. The area between the cities of Pretoria in the north and Johannesburg in the south forms a coherent agglomeration comprising an area of 17,010 km ² that is inhabited by almost 8 million people. Parallel to the increasing density of townships, the built-up area is expanding rapidly. This is also mostly an informal process. On open spaces within and on the outskirts of the townships, extensive squatter camps have come into being.

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