The landscape of mainland Tanzania is generally flat and low along the coast, but a plateau at an average altitude of about 1,220 metres constitutes the greater part of the country.

The city of Dar es Salaam is located on the Indian Ocean coast of Tanzania, at around latitude 6 °50' south and longitude 39 °15' east. Dar es Salaam is built on low lying terrain with increasing altitudes of about 20m above sea level around city centre to about 260m above sea level on the Pugu/Kisarawe hills to the south west. The city is drained by three main river systems: the Mzinga and Kizinga river system to the south, the Msimbazi river system in the centre and the Mbezi river system to the north. Both the Mzinga/Kizinga and Msimbazi river systems emanate from Pugu/Kisarawe hills which have catchment forest reserves.

Temperatures in the city range between 17 °C and 33 °C. Humidity is high, reaching up to about 100 per cent. The city is characterized by rainfall of between 1,000 and 1,400 mm per annum. The wet season is usually between March and May. The average evaporation rate is 2,100 mm per annum.

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