The Sahara Desert with its barren planes stretches across all of North Africa, from the River Nile in the East to the Atlantic Ocean in the West covering 9 million km ². Within this vast desert region there are two mountain groups, the Ahaggar (the westernmost group) and the Tibesti (the easternmost group). They are separated by a thousand kilometres of desert. The Tibesti Mountains are located mainly in Northwest Chad. With the highest peak in the range, Emi Koussi (3,415 metres), they are higher than the Ahaggar. They are an extinct volcanic range (huge walls of black volcanic rock) that have been dramatically carved by erosion. Numerous volcanic spires surround the main peaks.

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