The Hengduan Shan mountain range is located at the juncture of Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan and the northern part of Myanmar in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its average elevation ranges from 2000 to 6000m, while its highest peak, Gonggashan, reaches 7556m above sea level. The mountain range was formed by the collision between the Indian and the Chinese continental plates. The Hengduan Shan range is interrupted by a series of nearly parallel valleys crossing the massif from north to south; some of the largest rivers of Asia flow through a region only 200km wide - the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy), the Mekong and the Chang Jiang (Yangtse River).

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